Numeral System Essay Example

Numeral System Essay A numeral system (or system of numeration) is a writing system for expressing numbers, that is, a mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner. It can be seen as the context that allows the symbols 11 to be interpreted as the binary symbol for three, the decimal symbol for eleven, or a symbol for other numbers in different bases. Ideally, a numeral system will: * Represent a useful set of numbers (e. g. ll integers, or rational numbers) * Give every number represented a unique representation (or at least a standard representation) * Reflect the algebraic and arithmetic structure of the numbers. b numeral system base dn the n-th digit n can start from negative number if the number has a fraction part. N+1 the number of digits Base (Radix):- The total number of distinct symbols used by a number system called base or radix. E. g. : Decimal number system uses ten distinct symbols: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Decimal numb er system:-The decimal numeral system (also called base ten or occasionally denary) has ten as its base. It is the numerical base most widely used by modern civilizations. [1][2] Decimal notation often refers to a base-10 positional notation such as the Hindu-Arabic numeral system Decimal number system uses ten distinct symbols: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Binary number system:- In mathematics and computer science, the binary numeral system, or base-2 numeral system, represents numeric values using two symbols: 0 and 1. More specifically, the usual base-2 system is a positional notation with a radix of 2.Numbers represented in this system are commonly called binary numbers. Because of its straightforward implementation in digital electronic circuitry using logic gates, the binary system is used internally by almost all modern computers and computer-based devices such as mobile phones. E. g. 101012 = 10101B = 1? 24+0? 23+1? 22+0? 21+1? 20 = 16+4+1= 21 101112 = 10111B = 1? 24+0? 23+1? 22+1? 21+1? 20 = 16+4+2+1= 23 1000112 = 100011B = 1? 25+0? 24+0? 23+0? 22+1? 21+1? 20 =32+2+1= 35 Octal number system: The octal numeral system, or oct for short, is the base-8 number system, and uses the digits 0 to 7.Octal numerals can be made from binary numerals by grouping consecutive binary digits into groups of three (starting from the right). For example, the binary representation for decimal 74 is 1001010, which can be grouped into (00)1 001 010 – so the octal representation is 112. In the decimal system each decimal place is a power of ten. For example: In the octal system each place is a power of eight. For example: By performing the calculation above in the familiar decimal system we see why 112 in octal is equal to 64+8+2 = 74 in decimal. E. g. 278 = 2? 1+7? 80 = 16+7 = 23 308 = 3? 81+0? 80 = 24 43078 = 4? 83+3? 82+0? 81+7? 80 = 2247 Hexadecimal Number System: In mathematics and computer science, hexadecimal (also base 16, or hex) is a positional numeral system with a radix, or base, of 16. It uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols 0–9 to represent values zero to nine, and A,? B,? C,? D,? E,? F (or alternatively a–f) to represent values ten to fifteen. For example, the hexadecimal number 2AF3 is equal, in decimal, to (2 163) + (10 162) + (15 161) + (3 160), or 10995.Each hexadecimal digit represents four binary digits (bits), and the primary use of hexadecimal notation is a human-friendly representation of binary-coded values in computing and digital electronics. One hexadecimal digit represents a nibble, which is half of an octet or byte (8  bits). For example, byte values can range from 0 to 255 (decimal), but may be more conveniently represented as two hexadecimal digits in the range 00 to FF. Hexadecimal is also commonly used to represent computer memory addresses. Examples: 2816 = 28H = 2? 161+8? 160 = 40 2F16 = 2FH = 2? 161+15? 60 = 47 BC1216 = BC12H = 11? 163+12? 162+1? 161+2? 160 = 48146 Numeral Systems Conv ersion Table Decimal Base-10| BinaryBase-2| OctalBase-8| HexadecimalBase-16| 0| 0| 0| 0| 1| 1| 1| 1| 2| 10| 2| 2| 3| 11| 3| 3| 4| 100| 4| 4| 5| 101| 5| 5| 6| 110| 6| 6| 7| 111| 7| 7| 8| 1000| 10| 8| 9| 1001| 11| 9| 10| 1010| 12| A| | ASCII Code: Ascii stands for American standard code for information interchange. This code uses 7 bits to represent any character. These 7 bits lead to128 codes. There are two types of character coded by ACII printable and nonprintable control characters.The printable character include digits from 0 to 9, The upper case and lowercase English letters from A to Z, mathematical operation +,-,*, etc punctuation marks and various special symbols like $, @, #, etc. Non-printable characters are those which do not provide and display on the screen. These codes are used to provide any control information to the computer system. For example end of line, end of pages, start of text, end of text, carriage return etc are nonprintable control character coded by the ASCII code.These codes are extensively used by printers, terminals and keyboard 7 bit code enters inside the computer circuit. E. g. HI FI This string has five characters: H, I, SPACE, F and I Therefore 5*7=35 bits will needed in computer to represent this character string. GRAY CODES: Gray code is used in shaft encoder which indicates the angular position of shaft in digital form. Binary bits are arranged in such a way that only one binary bit changes at a time when we make a change from any number to the next. Its use reduced the error in the reading shaft position.The largest possible error will be one least significant digit. Suppose that the shaft changes it position from 7 to 8, the gray code will change from 0100 to 1100. If change in the binary bit is not picked up by the sensor, the encoder will show the previous position that is 7. But in case of standard binary code 7 is represented by 0111 and by 1000. If sensor picks up the least significant bits that is 000, but fails to pick up the most significant bit 1, the output will be 0000 instead of 1000 . there will be large error if standard binary code is used for shaft encoding.In this case an error of the most significant bit may occur . the Gray code is often used in computer controlled machines such as lathes etc. Addition The circuit diagram for a binary half adder, which adds two bits together, producing sum and carry bits. The simplest arithmetic operation in binary is addition. Adding two single-digit binary numbers is relatively simple, using a form of carrying: 0 + 0 0 0 + 1 1 1 + 0 1 1 + 1 0, carry 1 (since 1 + 1 = 0 + 1 ? binary 10) Adding two 1 digits produces a digit 0, while 1 will have to be added to the next column.This is similar to what happens in decimal when certain single-digit numbers are added together; if the result equals or exceeds the value of the radix (10), the digit to the left is incremented: 5 + 5 0, carry 1 (since 5 + 5 = 10 carry 1) 7 + 9 6, carry 1 (since 7 + 9 = 16 carry 1) This is known as carrying. When the result of an addition exceeds the value of a digit, the procedure is to carry the excess amount divided by the radix (that is, 10/10) to the left, adding it to the next positional value. This is correct since the next position has a weight that is higher by a factor equal to the radix.Carrying works the same way in binary: 1 1 1 1 1 (carried digits) 0 1 1 0 1 + 1 0 1 1 1 - = 1 0 0 1 0 0 = 36 In this example, two numerals are being added together: 011012 (1310) and 101112 (2310). The top row shows the carry bits used. Starting in the rightmost column, 1 + 1 = 102. The 1 is carried to the left, and the 0 is written at the bottom of the rightmost column. The second column from the right is added: 1 + 0 + 1 = 102 again; the 1 is carried, and 0 is written at the bottom. The third column: 1 + 1 + 1 = 112. This time, a 1 is carried, and a 1 is written in the bottom row.Proceeding like this gives the final answer 1001002 (36 decimal). When computers must add two numbers, the rule that: x xor y = (x + y) mod 2 for any two bits x and y allows for very fast calculation, as well. A simplification for many binary addition problems is the Long Carry Method or Brookhouse Method of Binary Addition. This method is generally useful in any binary addition where one of the numbers has a long string of â€Å"1† digits. For example the following large binary numbers can be added in two simple steps without multiple carries from one place to the next. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (carried digits) (Long Carry Method) 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 + 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Versus: + 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 add crossed out digits first + 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = sum of crossed out digits = 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 now add remaining digits 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 In this example, two numerals are being added together: 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 02 (95810) and 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 12 (69110). The top row shows the carry bits used.Instead of the standard carry from one column to the next, the lowest place-valued 1 with a 1 in the corresponding place value beneath it may be added and a 1 may be carried to one digit past the end of the series. These numbers must be crossed off since they are already added. Then simply add that result to the uncanceled digits in the second row. Proceeding like this gives the final answer 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 12 (164910). Addition table | 0| 1| 0| 0| 1| 1| 1| 10| The binary addition table is similar, but not the same, as the Truth table of the Logical disjunction operation .The difference is that , while . Subtraction Subtraction works in much the same way: 0 ? 0 0 0 ? 1 1, borrow 1 1 ? 0 1 1 ? 1 0 Subtracting a 1 digit from a 0 digit produces the digit 1, while 1 will have to be subtracted from the next column. This is known as borrowing. The principle is the same as for carrying. When the result of a subtraction is less than 0, the least possible value of a digit, the procedure is to borrow the deficit divided by the radix (that is, 10/10) from the left, subtracting it from the next positional value. * * * (starred columns are borrowed from) 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 ? 1 0 1 1 1 - = 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 Subtracting a positive number is equivalent to adding a negative number of equal absolute value; computers typically use twos complement notation to represent negative values. This notation eliminates the need for a separate subtract operation. Using twos complement notation subtraction can be summarized by the following formula: A ? B = A + not B + 1 For further details, see twos complement. MultiplicationMultiplication in binary is similar to its decimal counterpart. Two numbers A and B can be multiplied by partial products: for each digit in B, the product of that digit in A is calculated and written on a new line, shifted leftward so that its rightmost digit lines up with the digit in B that was used. The sum of all these partial products gives the final result. Since there are only two digits in binary, there are only two possible outcomes of each partial multiplication: * If the digit in B is 0, the partial product is also 0 If the digit in B is 1, the partial product is equal to A For example, the binary numbers 1011 and 1010 are multiplied as follows: 1 0 1 1 (A) ? 1 0 1 0 (B) 0 0 0 0 + 1 0 1 1 + 0 0 0 0 + 1 0 1 1 = 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 Binary numbers can also be multiplied with bits after a binary point: 1 0 1. 1 0 1 (A) (5. 625 in decimal) ? 1 1 0. 0 1 (B) (6. 25 in decimal) - 1. 0 1 1 0 1 + 1 0 1 1. 0 1 + 1 0 1 1 0. 1 = 1 0 0 0 1 1. 0 0 1 0 1 (35. 15625 in decimal)See also Booths multiplication algorithm. Multiplication table | 0| 1| 0| 0| 0| 1| 0| 1| The binary multiplication table is the same as the Truth table of the Logical conjunction operation . Division See also: Division algorithm Binary division is again similar to its decimal counterpart: Here, the divisor is 1012, or 5 decimal, while the dividend is 110112, or 27 decimal. The procedure is the same as that of d ecimal long division; here, the divisor 1012 goes into the first three digits 1102 of the dividend one time, so a 1 is written on the top line.This result is multiplied by the divisor, and subtracted from the first three digits of the dividend; the next digit (a 1) is included to obtain a new three-digit sequence: 1 ___________ 1 0 1 ) 1 1 0 1 1 ? 1 0 1 0 1 1 The procedure is then repeated with the new sequence, continuing until the digits in the dividend have been exhausted: 1 0 1 ___________ 1 0 1 ) 1 1 0 1 1 ? 1 0 1 0 1 1 ? 0 0 0 1 1 1 ? 1 0 1 1 0 Thus, the quotient of 110112 divided by 1012 is 1012, as shown on the top line, while the remainder, shown on the bottom line, is 102. In decimal, 27 divided by 5 is 5, with a remainder of 2.

Why You Shouldnt Trust Forbes College Rankings

Why You Shouldn't Trust Forbes College Rankings SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Forbes is a highly respected source of college rankings and is often consulted by students to help them decide which colleges are objectively the â€Å"best† choices. However, relying too much on these rankings can be a dangerous way to go about the college search process. In this article, I’ll outline how Forbes rankings are calculated and give you a rundown of the problematic aspects of these rankings. Overview of Forbes College Rankings Forbes is one of the most well-known sources of college rankings out there.It works in conjunction with the Center for College Affordability and Productivity to rank a total of 650 undergraduate educational institutions.Criteria for inclusion in the rankings includes the award of degrees or certificates requiring four or more years of study.All schools are classified by the Carnegie Foundation as Doctorate-Granting Universities, Master’s Colleges and Universities, or Baccalaureate Colleges. Forbes emphasizes student outcomes for colleges - this means rankings are heavily dependent on post-graduate success, freshman retention rates, graduation rates, and ultimate academic success in terms of advanced degrees and awards.An interesting thing to note about these rankings is that for each year, they incorporate the school's current scores in conjunction with scores for the past two years. This means that for 2015, a school’s score for 2015 is given a 50% weight in its composite score, and scores from 2014 and 2013 are each given a 25% weight.This is to help control for variability since ranking colleges based on graduation outcomes and post-graduate success factors means many changes from year to year. How Does Forbes Create Its Rankings? Forbes generates its rankings using several tools across different platforms and metrics.The general breakdown looks like this: Student Satisfaction (25%) This is further broken down into percentage weights for a couple different measurements.These include: Student evaluations from RateMyProfessors.com (7.5%) Freshman retention rates (12.5%) Predicted freshman retention rates compared to actual rates (2.5%) A â€Å"School Satisfaction Survey† conducted by Forbes via Facebook (2.5%) Post-Graduate Success (32.5%) This is broken down into two subcategories: Alumni salary from Payscale.com (10%) American Leaders List (22.5%) Student Debt (25%) There are three subcategories here: Average Federal Student Loan Debt (10%) Student loan default rates (12.5%) Predicted vs. actual federal student loan debt (2.5%) Graduation Rate (7.5%) This is divided into the four-year graduation rate (5%) and the predicted vs. actual four-year graduation rate (2.5%). Academic Success (10%) This is divided into two subcategories: Students receiving Nationally Competitive Awards (Rhodes Scholars, etc.) (7.5%) Alumni receiving PhDs (2.5%) PhDs must wear silly robes at all times to distinguish themselves from the unwashed masses What’s the Problem with These Rankings? Forbes rankings are based on some solid information, but they’re not going to give you the full story on whether a college is the right choice for you.There are a couple of issues you should be aware of before taking these rankings into consideration in your college search. Very little emphasis on the actual student experience While Forbes does consider RateMyProfessors feedback (which can be seriously biased towards easy professors) and makes a big deal about being the first college ranking site to use social media in the form of a Facebook survey for students, even these factors only account for 10% of the total ranking criteria.Forbesconsiders the student experience more than, say, US News, which is almost purely based on bare statistics and feedback from academics, but it still won’t give you a great sense of whether the school is a pleasant environment for students. Ratings of professors and a survey don’t give you a good sense of the community at the school.In a ranking system, it’s probably impossible for any mode of measurement to do that.This is why relying solely on any ranking system leaves you open to misinterpreting the culture at a school. You end up losing the necessary subjectivity that goes along with judgment of each individual college environment. Narrow definitions of â€Å"success† Forbes places a lot of emphasis on post-graduate success and awards earned by students.In fact, almost half of a school’s score is comprised of the â€Å"Academic Excellence† and â€Å"Post Graduate Success† categories.These are valuable measures to include, but they don’t apply to the aspirations of all students.If you’re going to college, you’re probably hoping it will get you a job, but a high salary or academic awards might not be a priority. If you’d like to pursue a social justice or public service career path, you're probably already aware that you’re not headed towards giant piles of cash.This means you have to take a step back from the rankings and investigate each school on an individual basis to come to conclusions about what fits best for you.Schools where alumni make a lot of money might just have excellent business or economics programs. That’s not relevant to you if you don’t plan on becoming a financial analyst or an entrepreneur. Jeremy in the Sky with WordArt is one of the Beatles' lesser known songs Advantages to schools with a wealthy student body Measures of student debt levels make up a significant portion of a school’s score in the Forbes ranking system (25%).While you may be interested in going to a school that appears to leave students with less debt, these measurements can be misleading. For example, schools that tend to attract an overall wealthier student body will naturally end up with less volume of student debt.These students’ parents may be able to completely foot the bill for college or keep loans small and pay them off easily later.For this reason, an objectively better student debt rating may not reflect the level of support students receive from the school or the real income potential of students.A poor student might end up with some debt in loans after college even after significant support from the school and access to a promising career path. Lack of categories to differentiate colleges of varying types The Forbes rankings lump colleges into one big list (although there are many other lists on the site - here we’re just talking about the main rankings).This is problematic because it’s very difficult to directly compare schools that are markedly different in terms of public or private status, research capabilities, and size of student body. For example, this year Pomona, a small liberal arts college, has the number one spot in the rankings, above all the Ivies, Stanford, and MIT.While there are certainly valid reasons for ranking Pomona #1, it also would be silly for you to choose it based on its higher rank if you were looking for alarger research university.Comparing a small college like Pomona to a research university with a large graduate student population like the University of Pennsylvania is comparing apples to oranges as far as the academic experience goes. The key thing to understand is that every student is different and has specific needs and preferences for their college experience.When rankings like these try to force all colleges into one category, they’re giving the students what they want (an easy way to tell which colleges are â€Å"better†) but not what they need. Relying too heavily on rankings results in a dangerously simplistic view of college quality and the college search process. Sometimes rankings are the wrong tools for understanding the environment at a college... If Not Forbes, Then What? But Sam, you may be saying, if I shouldn’t look at Forbes rankings, then what SHOULD I do? Stare at a blank wall releasing all judgment like a Buddhist monk until application time and then choose a school at random?Maybe not until application time (and please don’t choose at random), but you should certainly take a few moments to reflect more seriously on what you want out of college apart from what the rankings and others around you say you’re supposed to want.For more detail on what your should be asking yourself, read my guide on the college search process. After you’ve already picked out some schools based on what you like about them across different factors that are important to you personally, only then might you look at Forbes rankings.I broke down the weight given to different factors in the ranking process for you so that you can see what’s being measured.Make sure you always keep this in mind. It's possible thatvery few of those factors matter to you - in this case, the rankings are not going to be particularly relevant. Not particularly relevant You can still use Forbes rankings as a general guide if you've done your research and considered all the other factors that are important to you in your college search. It's useful to look at the rankings generally in groups of ten or so. The top five schools will be the most reputable, followed by the next ten, followed by the next ten, and so on. Colleges within the same group of ten won't be much different in terms of quality. Rankings like these can be useful because prestige and student outcomes are valuable measurements of college quality. Schools with better reputations will naturally attract a more intellectual group of students and usually provide more opportunities. All other things being equal, you should choose the school with the higher ranking. However, if you're trying to decide between a school with a lower ranking that's a great fit for you and a school with a high ranking that's a poor fit, you should choose the first option every time. Rather than relying totally on rankings, you can check out some of these sites that will help match you up with colleges based on what you’re looking for in terms of program offerings, size, location, social life, and many other valuable components of the college experience.Rankings are interesting and exciting because they give you fast information about which college is â€Å"better† and make you feel like success is just a matter of getting into the â€Å"right† school.The reality is that college is what you make of it. You should go somewhere where you’ll be happy and able to lead a rich academic and social life based on your personality and passions. What's Next? Looking to attend a liberal arts college? Take a look at this list of the best liberal arts schools in the country. Not sure whether you're interested in public or private schools?Read this article to learn about the differences between the two. If you want to save some money on college applications, you might consider applying to schools without application fees. Here's a complete list of all the colleges that don't charge fees to apply. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

How to Transfer Colleges Successfully Complete Guide

How to Transfer Colleges Successfully Complete Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Transferring colleges can be a very difficult decision to make, but you need to find the college that is the right fit for you even if it means transferring. Whether you are trying to transfer from a 2-year school to a 4-year school or from one 4-year university to another, this article is to help you on your journey to transfer! Why transfer? There are many valid reasons to transfer, and before you apply to transfer, you need to figure out what your reason is. The school you're applying to transfer to will want to know why you are choosing to leave: Did you not fit in with the other students? If so, did you try to fit in? Did you join any clubs, teams or Greek life? Did you attend events? Do they not have your desired program of study? Did you decide to switch majors and your school does not have your new major? Did you apply undecided and realize you have a passion for a specific major your school does not have? Did you graduate from a 2-year program with an associate’s degree and now want to pursue a bachelor’s? These are all very valid reasons to transfer.If you are looking to find a college to transfer to, I recommend using the College Board College Search Portalto help you find the right college for you. This portal allows you to search by school size, location, major, diversity, if transfer credits are accepted, and by many more options. If you felt like your school is too small, search by school size to find a larger university, or if you want to be a fine arts major, search by major and find a school with a fine arts program. Whatever you are looking for, before starting your search, make sure you qualify to transfer. Do I qualify to transfer schools? Most universities require that you have completed at least 8 courses at another university to qualify as a transfer student; otherwise, you must apply as a freshman. So long as you have those credits, most schools will let you apply to transfer as either a sophomore or junior (some schools let applicants apply to transfer in either the spring or fall; others only let applicants transfer in the fall) to find out a school’s exact policy, search â€Å"[College Name] transfer policy† in Google. Note: high-school students, who dual enroll at a local community college during high school, still apply as freshman, not as transfer students. How hard is it to transfer? It depends on the school. If you want to know a school’s specific transfer rate, search â€Å"[College Name] Transfer Acceptance Rate.† At some schools, it is more difficult to be admitted as a transfer than as a freshman; while at others, it may be easier to be admitted as a transfer. Some schools only admit transfers if students admitted as freshman choose to dropout or take time off, leaving very few spots for transfer applicants. Other schools plan to take transfer students, holding spots for these students. Some schools may take more transfers because these applicants are stronger, having proved their academic prowess at a 4-year or 2-year college institution. Other schools have lower qualifications for transfer students in order to fill up their classes (and make the most money), since transfer students are not factored in to the school's freshman admit profile (or their overall admission rate) both of which are published and are typically used as a assessment of the school's prestige and academic rigor. Also, transfer applications are oftenneed-aware such as at Brown University, meaning that a transfer applicant’s ability to pay for tuition, room and board is factored making an admission decision.Whatever the school's reason, the difference in freshman admission and transfer admission is striking. Check out the transfer admission rates for Harvard and Notre Dame: Harvard University takes about 15 transfers per year out of about 1500 applicants (1% admit rate for transfers vs 5.9% for freshman) while Notre Dame takes about 190 out of 500 applicants (37% admit rate for transfers vs 21.2% for freshman).You can check out transfer statistics on several schools from the 2012 fall class here. What is the transfer application like? Some schools may vary slightly from this format, but in general, the transfer application is very similar to the normal college application. The transfer application includes Common Application including Personal Statement and Supplement Transcripts, High School and College Mid-Year Report *****different from the normal college application SAT or ACT Score (most schools) Letters of Recommendation Major Specific Requirements: Portfolio, Resume, or Additional Writing Sample (only for certain majors at certain schools) To check a school’s specific requirements, search â€Å"[College Name] Transfer Application.†I will delve into more on each of these components below. Personal Statement and Supplement These are two of the MOST crucial parts of your transfer application.As I said before, you need to tell your story of deciding to transfer and this is your opportunity. If you do not tell it in your personal statement and/or supplement, the admissions officer will not know why you should be invited to attend their school.Be open and honest about why you are deciding to transfer and why you NEED to transfer.Try to explain why their school is truly your perfect fit. If you don’t believe me, here's a quote from theYale University Admissions Office: â€Å"Transfer candidates should also have particularly compelling and well-defined academic reasons for wishing to attend Yale. Wanting to leave one’s current school is not a sufficient argument for admission to Yale. Transfer candidates should explain in their application essays how studying at Yale would give them an educational opportunity particular to their interests that could be experienced nowhere else. The Admissions Committee also gives serious consideration to a transfer applicant’s motivation, curiosity, energy, leadership ability, and distinctive talents. The personal essays and evaluations from college faculty members, deans, and secondary school counselors provide a great deal of insight into these qualities. We hope to find students who have made significant contributions to their college and local community.† How do you explain how their school is your perfect fit? Well, here is a sample mini-transfer personal statement: â€Å"My reason for wanting to transfer arises from a desire to search for those people I really fit in with. I have had a fine experience at my college so far; I enjoy my classes and have made many friends, but something is missing. I yearn for that intellectual challenge surrounded by students who inspire me to be great. I have tried to make this school right for me and search for potential lifelong friends. I have joined the Cooking club, club softball team, and the Oscar Wilde fan club. My experience at my school has convinced me more than ever that your school is my perfect fit, not because I long for the prestige of your institution, but because I long to be with the people who will truly challenge and inspire me everyday.† In addition to the personal statement, most schools require a supplementary essay (usually much shorter than the personal statement), and in the supplement, you have to address a school specific question. Typically, the supplement asks, "Why Our School?" You really need to have a great answer for that question. These two essays (the personal statement and supplement) are very similar, but there is an important distinction between the two. The personal statement needs to show who you are through a story and explain why you, as you are, want to transfer or did not belong at your former school (as I did above in the example).On the other hand, the supplement needs to explain for what academic reason do you want to transfer. Here is the personal statement prompt for all UC Schools such as UC Berkeley and UCLA, "Tell us about a personal quality, talent, accomplishment, contribution or experience that is important to you. What about this quality or accomplishment makes you proud and how does it relate to the person you are?" Again, the focus is on you and your uniqueness, why you as you are, don't fit in at your school. What personal reason do you have for transferring? Were you at a school that was too small for you? Too big? Did you not fit in with the students at that school?Did you visit a friend at Notre Dame and realize you fit in there? Here is the transfer supplement prompt for all UC Schools such as UC Berkeley and UCLA, "What is your intended major? Discuss how your interest in the subject developed and describe any experience you have had in the field - such as volunteer work, internships and employment, participation in student organizations and activities - and what you have gained from your involvement." The focus here is more on the institute you are applying to. Why do you want to go to that school and study that major? What academic reason do you have for transferring?Did you realize your passion for fashion journalism and NYU has a top journalism program in a city where you could intern at fashion magazines? Try to answer both prompts as specifically as you can.Do not be general or vague. BAD for supplement essay: I want to attend Yale because your school is better than my school. GOOD for supplement essay: I want to transfer to NYU because I have discovered my passion for fashion journalism through my fashion blog that has 100,000 subscribers. My school has no journalism program, and NYU’s is the best program for fashion journalism in the country. I know NYU would help me achieve my dream of becoming editor of a fashion magazine. Transcripts In addition to the personal statement and supplement, you will need to provide a transcript from your high school (just as you did for college applications) and a transcript from your college.If you are applying from a 2-year school with a completed Associate’s degree, your transcript from college must show all of your grades and that your Associate’s was received.If you are applying after completing 1 semester at a 4-year university, you cannot send in your transcript until you receive your first semester grades, so that the school can take those grades into consideration. Hopefully, your transcript looks slightly more official. Note: Do not give up on your classes at your current school when you decide to transfer.These grades are EXTREMELY important. If you get B’s at your school and are applying to a more competitive and academically challenging school, the admissions officer may question how you will do at their school.You also cannot give up on your classes once you submit your application. Mid-Year Report The Mid-Year Report is a grade report you send to the schools you are applying to in the middle of the spring semester (typically April 1).From the UPenn Admission Office, â€Å"you will need to print out the form, available through the Common Application, and ask each of your professors to provide a mid-term grade (the grade they would give you if they were to give you a grade at that point in the class) and a signature.† In the report, all of your CURRENT spring semester professors fill out a paper predicting your FUTURE grade in the class and have to sign off on it.You read that right.You have to ask your spring semester teachers to give you a grade prediction and to sign off on it.This can be extremely intimidating, but again is another important part of your application. Again, this is why you CANNOT slack off in your classes at your current school. You need to get the best grades possible to better your chances to transfer.Try to form close relationships with your spring semester teachers.They will be much more willing to slightly inflate your grade (A- to A) on this prediction report if you are an active participant in class and if they like you.Trust me, these professors will be willing to slightly inflate your grade on this sheet to help you transfer if they like you, as this is not guaranteeing what they write will be your actual grade. Again, you cannot give up on your classes at your current school when you decide to transfer. If you got A’s first semester and B’s on your mid-year report, the admissions office may question how you will fair at their school.They do also consider SAT or ACT Scores SAT or ACT Score Some schools may not require you to send these scores, but most universities do require transfers from other 4-year colleges to send their SAT or ACT scores.If you are applying from a 2-year school with a completed Associate’s degree, some schools require you to submit your SAT or ACT score while many others don’t. You should find the university’s policy on SAT/ACT scores for transfers when you search for the school’s application requirements. Again, to find a school’s specific requirements, search â€Å"[College Name] Transfer Application.† For students applying from 4-year universities, your SAT/ACT score will definitely play a role into whether or not you are accepted, but it is not weighted as heavily as in freshman admissions.When you applied as a freshman, the admissions officers didn’t know how you would do at a 4-year university, so they used your score as a measure of that. However, now they have your college grades and can see how you are performing at a 4-year university.If you have straight A’s in all of your biomedical engineering classes at University of Florida but got a 30 on your ACT, the A’s seem very impressive and make the 30 less meaningful. Should you retake the SAT/ACT if you are applying to transfer? You can, but I would only recommend it in certain situations.Your SAT/ACT score is only valid for 5 years, so if your score is older than 5 years, you will be required to retake it.To decide if you should retake the SAT or ACT, find out the 25th/75th percentile scores for current students at the school you are applying to. The 25th/75th percentile scores means that 25% of the students attending have a score at or below that number (this is below average). 75th percentile means that 75% of students have a score at or below that number. In essence, the 25th/75th percentile covers the middle 50% of all students admitted to the school. If you score at the 75th percentile for any school and have great grades from your current college, you have a great chance at getting in. If you're at the 25th percentile, you'll need to have a strong application to boost your odds of getting in. To find the 25th/75th percentile scores for current students at the school you are applying to, search â€Å"[College Name]† freshman admission profile† or â€Å"[College Name]† ACT† or â€Å"[College Name]† SAT† Let’s say, you are applying to transfer to an Ivy (most 25th/75th percentile scores between 34-36 ACT or 750-800 on all sections of the SAT).As I said, your grades are more meaningful than your test score on your transfer application, but that being said if your grades are not perfect (A’s and B’s) with a test score below 31 on ACT or below 2100 on SAT, I would consider re-taking the test to try to improve your score and improve your chances of being admitted. If your college grades are all A’s and your score is within the school’s 25th/75th percentile score, you do not need to retake the SAT or ACT. Letters of Recommendation Most schools require that you submit at least 2 letters of recommendation from COLLEGE professors or teaching assistants. Some schools prefer the letters to come only from professors and NOT teaching assistants such as UPenn, who said, â€Å"The Admissions Selection Committee prefers to review recommendations from professors. We encourage you to meet with your professors and ask for recommendations. However, we understand that some classes may be too large for a professor to write a detailed, personalized recommendation for you. If you ask a teaching assistant to write your recommendation, the class professor MUST sign off on the written recommendation.† Hopefully, your recommender is a little more expressive. You will find a school’s policy on letters of recommendation when you search for the transfer application requirements.You are NOT supposed to reuse your letters of recommendation from your high school teachers.You need new letters from college professors or teaching assistants. Make sure you are forming relationships withyour professors and teaching assistants. You need them to like you enough to be willing to write you a letter of recommendation.Go to their office hours! Participate in class! Study! You need their help.If they don’t have a relationship with you, your letter will most likely turn out pretty mediocre.For more guidance on your letter of recommendation, check out our other article Who Should I Ask to Write My College Recommendation Letter? Major Specific Requirements If you are applying to a specific major or program (such as film, acting, dance, art, music), you may also be required to submit an additional application component such as a portfolio or do an audition.Find out by searching for the specific program you are applying to, search â€Å"[College Name] [program] Transfer Application† such as USC Film Transfer Application. Make sure to also check the deadline for your program.Oftentimes, arts programs (theatre, film, dance, music) will have earlier deadlines than the general university transfer deadline. For help with your major specific application requirements (if you are applying to film school), check out our other article, How to Get Into Film School by a USC Alum.Now that we have covered all components of the application, let’s talk deadlines: Application Deadlines Schools have transfer application deadlines ranging from December 1 to March 1 for Fall admits or November for Spring admits. When you search for the school’s specific requirements (search â€Å"[College Name] Transfer Application†), you will find the deadline. Again, make sure to also search for the specific program you are applying to, search â€Å"[College Name] [program] Transfer Application.†Oftentimes, arts programs (theatre, film, dance) will have earlier deadlines than the general university transfer deadline. Make sure to create a schedule for yourself working back from the timeline. I recommend completing the first drafts of your personal statement and supplement at least one month before the application deadline, so you have time to review and rewrite. Ask teachers to write letters of recommendation at least 2 months in advance of when the application is due.Send transcripts and scores as soon as possible. Check the transfer requirements to see when the last available ACT or SAT testing date is.According to Yale, â€Å"Scores from the February ACT or the March SAT test date should reach [the admissions office] in time for consideration,† but this may vary from school to school, so check the schools you are applying to. Once you submit your application, your journey is not over. Decision Letters and Making the Decision to Transfer or Stay You will receive your decision letters typically in Mid-May for Fall Admission.You typically have only a few weeks to make a final decision.Before making the decision to transfer, consider this Will transferring make you happier? By transferring, will you be more likely to achieve success in your chosen field? If you need financial aid, will you receive financial aid? Will you be able to complete your degree on time? How many of your units will transfer? How many of your units will count towards your degree? Will you need to spend extra time and money to complete your degree? Most schools only let you transfer up to 2 years of credit, so if you applied to transfer in your junior year, you will most likely be restarting as a junior at the next school. Are you okay with that? I also recommend creating a pros and cons list for your current school and the school your were accepted to.I know it may sound old-hat, but it works!Once accepted, you want to make sure transferring is the best decision for you. Remember that when you transfer, it may take time to make friends at your new school.Try to get involved and go to school sponsored events to help meet people and make your transition easier. Another PrepScholar writer transferred schools, and she said at times it can feel at first like being a stepchild or like being someone who married into the family. However, she and the other transfer students bonded; her closest college friends ended up being the other transfer students. She is so happy she transferred.Transferring can be a great experience! Just don’t be shy and get out and meet people! Points to Remember Think about why you want to transfer and convey that to the admissions office through your personal statement and supplement. Work very hard in your current classes (participate and go to office hours), so that you have good grades on your transcript and you have professors who are willing to write you letters of recommendation. Consider whether or not you want to retake the SAT or ACT (if you need to send your scores for your transfer application) Check application deadlines and set up a schedule to complete your application on time. When your decision letters come, really think about whether transferring is the best choice. What’s next? Get more help with your application: Who Should I Ask to Write My College Recommendation Letter? What is a Good GPA? What's a Bad GPA for College? What College Should You Go To? How to Choose a College Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Slaughterhouse-Five and Public Incitement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Slaughterhouse-Five and Public Incitement - Essay Example Indeed, the Article 25(3) (e) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court accommodates the incitement provision. Nevertheless, under the international law, public incitement can legally occur under the heading of self-defense. As such, civilians can engage in public incitement if they are in the line of defending themselves from attacks. However, soldiers in war can only engage in public incitement as the last option after exhausting all other avenues. Notably, though a group of people may conspire to engage in public incitement, only one person can lead in inciting the rest to participate in violence. It is common knowledge that most people fear incitement and more so participating in acts of violence. For example, in the book, â€Å"Slaughterhouse-Five,† we do not witness any characters in the story and even in the war zone because people are demotivated to being such characters. As such, it is usually, a hard task to incite people in committing violence. Most no table is the fact that in most cases violence leads to beatings, injuries, and deaths. Indeed, Billy’s abduction and mistreatment at the Slaughterhouse for five days proves this (Federhen 4-6). More than often, public incitement has been in application in many countries. For example, like the incitement to genocide in Rwanda, Israeli-Palestinian  war, and the World War II. ... Indeed, the qualities of Billy and those of Tralfamadorians the aliens who can see in the fourth dimension are exceptional in the context of the World War (Federhen 4-6). Additionally, a uniform is an acceptable sign of violence. A uniform brings forth an identity, which is very relevant in a public incitement that requires people to commit violence. Actually, as seen herein, the soldiers can take part in violence as a last resort castigated by public incitement. Indeed, the book tells us of soldiers at war in Vietnam and the issue of uniformity clearly manifests in this case. Moreover, the Tralfamadorians aliens equally had a sense of identity (Federhen 4-6). Additionally, the precise need for public incitement in the commitment of violence is the quest for uniformity so that everybody can focus on the violence. As such, when all the civilians unite in violence, the success of public incitement manifests. Furthermore, the public incitement plan sacrifices people. Actually, the book narrates how the Tralfamadorians aliens abducted a soldier, Billy Pilgrim during World War II and how the soldier survives a plane crash and the Dresden bombings all in the name of war fueled by public incitement (Federhen 4-6). Indeed, as earlier said, public incitement relates to leadership and somebody must take responsibility and be on the front line. However, in many cases the leaders in public incitement face many challenges that include lack of cooperation, possible arrests, and probable deaths. Nevertheless, without these front liners in public incitement, it is not possible to coerce people to violence. Moreover, the understanding that lock step mentality is part of war is very essential in inciting the public to committing violence. This aspect defines

Dangers of Vaccinations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Dangers of Vaccinations - Research Paper Example Vaccination is defined as the injection of a killed microbe in the body as a way of stimulating the immune system against the microbe, thereby preventing a disease. Sometimes called immunization, vaccinations work to stimulate the body’s natural disease-fighting system, the immune system. When healthy, this system is able to detect invading bacteria and other viruses and respond by producing antibodies to fight and destroy them. Vaccination, therefore, prepares the immune system to keep a disease away. A killed or weakened virus is used to immunize against a viral disease, while if the intention is only to immunize against a bacterial disease, a small portion of the dead bacteria is often used to stimulate the formation of antibodies to ward off any invasion of the whole bacteria. Childhood vaccinations are common and most parents prefer them because they help in protecting the kids from a range of deadly diseases. It is, however, difficult to know whether the vaccine itself is safe. While the vaccines have been successful, there have been persistent concerns that vaccinations lead to autism and other dangerous diseases and conditions. Even with the efforts of the public health officials from the United States to shed light on the misconceptions of vaccine safety that have existed for more than twenty years, little success has been realized in the change of perception. A number of parents are becoming reluctant about taking their children for vaccination even though various studies have found no proof that vaccination leads to autism and other diseases

The audience in Act 1 Scene 1 of A Taste of Honey Essay Example for Free

The audience in Act 1 Scene 1 of A Taste of Honey Essay How does Shelagh Delaney establish the relationship of the main characters for the audience in Act 1 Scene 1 of A Taste of Honey? The first scene is probably the most important scene of all, as it tells us about the nature of the characters and their attitudes. The first words of the play that are stage directions play a big part. The quote the stage represents a comfortless flat . . . . . the street outside. Jazz music this tell us about the time in which they lived which was post war Britain from the jazz music. Jazz music is associated with the blues that was music about being down on your luck which was popular at these times. Mentioning that they lived in Manchester also gave a feeling of their surroundings. In Manchester at this time of the play there would have been few people of other ethnic origins as opposed to 1 in 20 British citizens being African, Asian or Caribbean origin in the 1990s. Also in that day and age it was only a tiny minority of the population on which were single parents. This would be the most important scene because it gave us an idea of what Helen and Jo are like. It tells us what there attitudes are and what sort of relationship they have. Helen reacts differently to Helen at the first impressions of the flat. While Helen is making the flat sounding a lot better than it actually is to make her feel a little bit better so she doesnt feel like a failure, Deep down inside she knows she is. Helen about the flat when she says Whats wrong with this place? . . . . . Anyway it will do for us. Jo hates the flat and expresss her feelings when she expresss to her mother I dont like it which are also the first words Jo, says in the play. Also Jo keeps pointing out faults to the flat like the roofs leaking and I bet itll smell trying to persuade Helen that the flat she had taken was a dump. You could say that Jo is pessimist and Helen is an optimist when it comes to attitudes to the flat. The setting of the flat is very depressing and greatly affects the characters of the play and brings them down. From the descriptions of the characters there are all the things people dont want to live near such as the gasworks, the slaughterhouse, tenements and a cemetery. Also when they arrive in the flat its raining which I think reflects how the characters are feeling and how low they are at the time. In the time Jo and Helen moved into the flat it was post war Britain and everything was being spent on buildings that needed restoring from the bombing during the wars. This meant that very little money was being spent to improve the condition of housing. The state of the flat affects Jo and Helen causing tension and most arguments nearly always start from living conditions of their flat. The flat also represents the chain of their life. They move from one run old flat to another that we find out when Jo says, Every place we find is the same which shows they are in a cycle they cannot break. Jo and Helen are mother and daughter, but as a reader its more of a sister relationship. Helen isnt a supportive mother and puts Jo down when she can which we find out when she says The way she bangs about! I tell you, my heads coming off. In the play there is one part where Helen offers to pay for Jo to go to Art School. Even though she says Have you ever . . . youll soon learn I dont think she means it and follow through with promises. They talk to one and other like they have no respect for each other. Jo doesnt show respect to her mother because she sees no reason to, after all, what has Helen ever done for Jo? Helen also doesnt care for Jo, as she never shows any affection to Jo at all when Jo says, Youve certainly never been affectionate with me. If Jo and Helen werent mother and daughter I think they wouldnt want to know each other if they had the choice. Its almost as if they had been forced together. The most likely subject to cause arguments is the state of the flat and how they actually treat each other. Also Shelagh Delaney uses humour, as in the form of sarcasm which relieves the tension of the atmosphere of the play and gives a little bit of light relief which Helen expresses when she says Why, have we run out of cemetery space? . . . When were gone. There is also a lot of jealousy between Jo and Helen. Jo is jealous of Helens men because she always shows affection to them rather than her. Also Jo once said I used to like one of them fancy men which also shows jealousy because Helen was hanging round him and never noticed Jo. Helen is jealous of Jo because she is young. When they first enter the flat Jo is a lot more organised than Helen and takes over the mother role because straight away she looks for sufficient heating God! Its freezing! Isnt their ant sort of fire anywhere, Helen? Also she puts a scarf round the light as a lampshade to make the room feel better with a softer light. To these characters the audience would feel tension as soon as they had walked through the door. But Shelagh Delaney tries to relax the mood with added sarcasm. When Peter enters he is presented as a brash car salesman, cigar in mouth, and from his dialogue we find he is a very selfish self-centred man. He doesnt care about anyones feelings when he says, Why dont you go home to your father? . . . Too bad to Jo that is a very sensitive issue to her, because of the fact she doesnt even know who her father is. He also tries to drag her to the pub knowing full well she that wasnt feeling well. When Peter is present she always she always wants to be there to get her mothers attention as a way of being spiteful to her. Helen acts as if Peter is an unwanted presence and tries to push him away at every advance he makes on her. But in the end she quite likes him as we find out when she says, Well, you certainly liberate something in me. And I dont think its maternal instincts either. The relationships in the first scene are very clear between Jo and Helen as we find out from the first time there is introduced. They fight as soon as they walk through the door of the flat. They both hate each other but in the end they care for each other. The relationship between Helen and Peter isnt that clear as it mentions little history, but from what Helen says hes not very nice person. We do find out that Helen had tried to escape from Peter when she says, How did you find my address. Its also clear that Jo doesnt like Peter as she tries to ruin Helens relationship with Peter. Also we know that Peter isnt interested in Jo and we find this out as Peter doesnt show any consideration to Jos feelings.

Woodstock: A Peaceful Rock Revolution Essay -- Woodstock History Histo

Woodstock: A Peaceful Rock Revolution To some, the 60s were a decade of discovery as Americans first journeyed to the moon. Others remember the time as a decade of America’s moral decline with the advent of rock and roll and its representation of "sinful", inappropriate ideals. Yet for many people, the 60s symbolized a decade of love and harmony. Hippies exemplified these beliefs, and in 1969 they gathered at a music festival known as Woodstock to celebrate their music, their love, and their freedom in a concert that has remained on of the most influential events of the 60s. The youth of the 60s were known as the "Love generation". They made love promiscuously and openly, and preferred open to formal marriages. Weekend "love-ins", free form gatherings, communal living quarters, and rock festivals were held in response to the "love movement". The "love movement" was the hippie belief for peace and harmony. It reached its peak in the summer of 1967, and by then it had over 300,000 followers who referred to themselve s as the "love children" or the "gentle people". They gathered in San Francisco, the hippie center of the world, during the summers. During these "Summers of love", they lived on the streets of Haight-Ashbury, sitting in groups along the street and strumming their guitars (Frike 62). These "love children", otherwise known as the hippies were the result of the antiwar movement that was sweeping the nation during the Vietnam war. Hippies were resolutely against the war. They participated loudly, and often violently in countless anti-war protest rallies and marches. They were known to publicly burn draft cards, and some even renounced military service for prison (Hertsgard 124). Hippies were not only antiwar, they were predominantly antiestablishment. The status symbols of their elders were decisively rejected: wealth, social position, culture, physical attractiveness, and economic security. They held in disdain, cosmetics, expensive jewelry, nightclubs and restaurants and all other re finements of the affluent society. Wealth meant nothing to them. Personal freedom to express oneself was believed to be the most important thing in life. They were antiauthority, antirace discrimination, and antipollution, in short they were rebels against the society, fighting against the moral standards of America they felt were unjust (Hertsgard 153). Events such... ...peace. They knew about art and nature. They lived for a weekend in the still eye of the hurricane" (Woodstock). Works Cited "All Nature is but Art: Woodstock Music and Art Fair." Vogue. December 1969:194-201. "Big Woodstock Rock Trip." Time. August 1969:14b-22. Ewen, David. All the Years of Popular Music. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.,1977. Fass, Don. "The Sixties." http://www.sixties.net (19 March 1999). Frike, David. "Minor Epiphanies and Momentary Bummers." Rolling Stone. August 1989:62-91. Grunwald, Henry. "Youth Trip." This Fabulous Century: 1960-1970. 1986 ed. Hertsgard, Mark. A Day in the Life: The Music and Artistry of the Beatles. New York: Dell Publishing Groups Inc.,1995. Huges, Rupert. Music Lover’s Encyclopedia. New York: Doubleday Inc.,1984. "Rock Audience Moves to Dusk-to-Dawn Rhythms." New York Times. 18 August 1969:25. "Tired Rock Fans Begin Exodus From Music Fair." New York Times. 20 August 1969:1-3. "What Happened in the Sixties?." http://www.bbhq.com/sixties2.htm (19 March 1999). "Woodstock: Dawn of the Bigtime." Economist. August 1989:75. "Woodstock Music and Art Fair." Newswe ek. August 1969:88. "Woodstock: Peace Mecca." Billboard. August 1969:1,10.

Children with Linguistic Differences Essay

In today’s classroom, it is common to have a student who speaks English as a second language. The teachers today should have knowledge of linguistic diversity and apply what they know to assist those children. According to our text, language is one of the aspects that define diversity and it is one of the fundamental tools of cultural acquisition and a part of a child’s cultural identity (Robles de Melendez & Beck, 2009). As educators, we must assure those children who speak English as a second language have the same education as English speaking children. In a child’s learning environment, no matter what language that child speaks, they should be comfortable and familiar with the things that surround them. It is important to label a child’s environment with the different languages that the children speak in the classroom. If a child’s native language is Spanish, French or German, there should be a corresponding labels in that language on shelves, tables, toys and doors. Other materials that is used in a classroom that assist with linguistic diversity is age appropriate books, printed materials such as newspapers, flyers and signs in different languages and music from diverse cultures (Robles de Melendez, 2009). When you have a classroom of different languages, it is necessary to understand what is going on in the children’s mind as you speak a language that they are not familiar or comfortable with. We need to understand, expect, and feel comfortable with the natural responses (e.g., laughter, first language use, silence and fatigue) that occur when our students  participate in interactions in which they are not completely proficient in their language (Curran, 2003). Teachers should respect the fact that students that are English Language Learners or ELL may want to speak their native language. It could get frustrating at first trying to learn and understand what they are saying but it is the say when the tables are turned and the student get frustrated when they do not understand what the teacher is saying. Individual lesson plans can be used to connect with a child and build their language skills. Themed lesson plans also help children connect with their own language. In any classroom, educators must not assume what a child knows or what they need to know. Assessments must be done to know what steps are needed to teach the children in the class. This is especially important when you have children with linguistic diversity. Teachers of young children in today’s diverse classrooms need to confirm that their teaching strategies meet the needs of their students (Robles de Melendez & Beck, 2009). To make sure that the teachers are getting the right information, the classroom should be assessed for linguistic diversity. Some ways to do this is to talk to the parents and family members, doing observations of bilingual interactions and using questionnaires and surveys. Once you know what kind of diversity you have in the classroom, then the classroom should be analyzed to figure out how to teach the students. This is done by assessing the topics that are taught, how they are taught and what resources are used to teach. It is important to maintain open communication with the child’s parents and families. We as educators should not try to eliminate the child’s first language but preserve it and assist them with the second language. Through different activities geared towards a child’s first language will help keep the child culture meaningful. Parent can assist by singing songs in their native language or just playing games that are native to their country. Continue to invite the families into the program to allow them to share their experiences with the classroom and this would help the children and families feel welcomed. There are two typed of knowledge that is necessary to teach linguistic diversity and they are the knowledge of practices of second language acquisition and the knowledge of cultural ideas. Having the mere knowledge of how important it is to preserve the first language and acquire the second language and knowing a little something about the culture that is being taught. As early childhood educators, it must be understood that the role that language plays in the life of a child vital to their learning environment. It is important that children with linguistic differences be supported. Through the classroom environment, experiences, assessments, keeping an open communication with the parents and the information that the teacher knows, the children will be able to get the best education not matter whether English is their first or second language. References Curran, M. (2003). Linguistic Diversity and Classroom Management. Theory Into Practice, 42(4), 334-340. Robles de Martinez, W., & Beck, V. (2009). Teaching young children in multicultural classrooms: Issues, concepts, and strategies. (3 ed.). Belmont, Canada: Wadsworth.

Ebscohost

NORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITY FOUNDATIONS FEEDBACK SHEET Activity 4 Dear Student, Please use this document to submit Activity 4. You can simply start typing in the first blank page (recommended) or paste in text from another document into the first blank page. Please save this file as: Your last name, first initial, e. g. , PSY5101-4 (DoeJPSY5101-4). Please save a copy of this file for yourself. Academic Integrity: Please see and follow the Academic Integrity Policy in the Learner portal.Your instructor may select this or any activity to review and submit to Turnitin to assess for an Academic Integrity violation Main Task: Evaluate Library Databases and Resources for use in Research For this activity you will do a library search for resources in your area of professional or research interest. Locate two peer-reviewed journal articles, one book chapter, and one scholarly resource (website or other resource). Then, prepare a brief paper on your library search and your results.First, fill out this chart and for each resource include the following: [pic] †¢ Appropriate citation (APA form) for the resource you discovered. †¢ Name of the database you used. †¢ Keywords you used. †¢ Any search limiters such as full text, date, peer-reviewed that you used. †¢ A note about your skills at this point in using the database from which you accessed the resource; what do you still need to practice? Then, conclude your activity with some general remarks that comment on: †¢ How useful was each database for you? What important journals, key scholars, or new ideas did you discover from your search. †¢ How might a library search spark new ideas? As you searched did you find new ideas or new directions for your search? Did the direction your search take you surprise you? Length:   Completed chart and 1 page reflection paper Your paper should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts that are presented in the course and provide new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic.Your response should reflect scholarly writing and current APA standards. Be sure to adhere to Northcentral University's Academic Integrity Policy. Submit your document in the Course Work area below the Activity screen. Learning Outcome: 6 †¢ Develop skills in online library database searches. Your instructor will give you feedback using the form below and in margin comments on your work. Reading and using your instructor’s feedback is as much a part of your learning as is reading the course materials and doing activities.Your instructor will not only help you understand the quality of your work on this activity, but will also give you guidance on how to improve your skills and increase your knowledge that, if you follow it, will help you do better on future activities! Feedback Introduction to Feedback: 1. Was the activity completed as instructed? Activity ElementsFaculty Feedback |Chart | | |Includes hree peer-rev iewed journal articles, one book chapter, and | | |one scholarly resource | | | | | |Includes | | |Name of the database used | | |Keywords used | | |Search limiters | | |Mention of skills at this point in using each database | | |Discussion of skills attained/needed to be acquired | | |Follows APA form and style | | |Reflection Paper discusses: | | |Usefulness of each database | | |Important new sources, scholars, or ideas | | |Value of searches in inspiring new ideas/ surprises | | 2. Are statements about all readings and resources accurate? 3. Is the writing clear and persuasive? 4. Is the writing correct in punctuation, grammar, word usage, and APA style?Grade and rationale. Grade is based on the following that maps onto the Northcentral rubrics as follows: 70% Content 1. Completion of the activity as instructed 2. Understanding of activity resources 3. Clarity and persuasiveness of writing 30% Presentation 4. Grammar, word usage and APA style For this assignment the topic that I chose to use is one that is very close to my heart. Over the years the research has become more specific in terms of different types of eating disorder as well as the impact that it has on multiple areas of life. For the first article I researched a topic which was first coined by the author Margo Maine, that topic is â€Å"Father Hunger†.This topic addresses the relationship between an adolescent female and the bond with her father and depending on the factors of the relationship the female is either more prone to developing an eating disorder or not. Although there was a large amount of articles available the further down the list I searched the keywords became less relevant however I kept the theme of eating disorders constant throughout my search. I had a few issues while completing this assignment one being that I was unable to find an electronic resource such as a webcast for my topic. I tried to advance my search in different ways while keeping consist ent with the topic and was not successful. The other issue that I ran into is that I was not able to type within the chart that was provided which is why the information is listed below.In order to make it easier to read I made the type of resource in bold print to help separate it out. Something that I need to work on is utilizing other search engines besides EBSCO Host and PsychInfo. Peer-Reviewed Journal Article #1 Article Citation: Fitzgerald, J. F. , & Lane, R. C. (2000). The role of the father in America. Journal Of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 30(1), 71-84. doi:10. 1023/A:1003653132742 Database: EBSCO Host Keywords: anorexia in girls and their relationship with their father Search Limiters: Boolean/phrase, peer reviewed journal, English. Human Skills in this database: I am fairly comfortable with EBSCO Host Peer-Reviewed Journal Article #2 Article Citation: Luby, E. D. & Weiss, M. (1984). Case study: Anorexia nervosa: A girl and her father. Women & Therapy, 3(3-4), 87-90. doi: 10. 1300/J015V03N03_12 Database: EBSCO Host Keywords: anorexia in girls and their relationship with their father Search Limiters: Boolean/phrase, peer reviewed journal, English. Human Skills in this database: I am comfortable with EBSCO Host Book Chapter: Citation: le Grange, D. , & Lock, J. (2008). Teens with anorexia nervosa: A family-based approach to treatment. In C. LeCroy, J. Mann (Eds. ) , Handbook of prevention and intervention programs for adolescent girls (pp. 242-268). Hoboken, NJ US: John Wiley & Sons Inc. Database: EBSCO HostKeywords: anorexia in girls and their relationship with their father Search Limiters: Boolean/phrase, peer reviewed journal, English, Human Skills in this database: I am comfortable with EBSCO Host Scholarly Resource: Citation: Johnson, J. G. , Cohen, P. , Kotler, L. , Kasen, S. , & Brook, J. S. (2002). Psychiatric disorders associated with risk for the development of eating disorders during adolescence and early adulthood. Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology, 70(5), 1119-1128. doi:10. 1037/0022-006X. 70. 5. 1119 Database: EBSCO Host Keywords: Eating disorders and adolescence Search Limiters: Boolean/phrase, peer reviewed journal, English, Human

The Ignudi of Michelangelos Sistine Chapel Frescoes

The Ignudi of Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel Frescoes The Ignudi is the phrase coined by Michelangelo to describe the 20 seated male nudes he incorporated into the Sistine Chapel ceiling frescoes. These figures are interesting in that they do not fit the theme of the paintings, so their true meaning has been a mystery in the art world. Who Are the Ignudi? The word ignudi comes from the Italian adjective nudo, meaning naked. The singular form is ignudo. Michelangelo adopted the name The Ignudi for his 20 figures, giving it a new art-historical context. The youthful, athletic male figures are depicted in pairs of four. Each pair surrounds five center panels on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (there are nine panels in total). The ignudi appear on the panels: The Drunkenness of Noah, The Sacrifice of Noah, The Creation of Eve, The Separation of Land from Water, and The Separation of Light from Darkness. The ignudi  frame the biblical stories, one on each corner. A  pair of bronze-like medallions depicting scenes from the Old Testament rest between two of the figures along the outer edges. One of the medallions is left incomplete for unknown reasons. Each ignudo  is depicted in a relaxed pose that does not match the others. The figures are all seated and leaning on a variety of objects. In the earliest paintings, the ignudi  were in a similar pose to those in the same panel. By the time Michelangelo got to The Separation of Light from Darkness, the poses show no similarities. What Do the Ignudi Represent? Each ignudo represents the male human figure at its most idealized. They are painted in a sort of blending of ancient Classicism and modern naked superheroes (a topic about which Michelangelo could not have known). What adds to their intrigue is that none had anything at all to do with Bible stories. This leads people to question their meaning. Are they merely supporting characters in this detailed scene or do they represent something deeper? Michelangelo did not leave any clues as to the answer. Speculations include that the ignudi represent angels who oversaw the events depicted in the Bible scenes. Others believe that Michelangelo used the ignudi as representations of human perfection. Their physique is, after all, perfectly sculpted and their mannerisms have much more freedom than other figures in the frescoes. There is a possible meaning behind the objects surrounding the ignudi as well. Acorns are depicted with each ignudo  and many people believe these refer to Pope Julius II, Michelangelos patron. The pontiff was a member of the Della Rovere family as was his uncle Popes Sixtus IV who built the Sistine Chapel and for whom it was named. The Della Rovere name literally means of the Oak Tree and a tree is used on the Italian noble familys crest. The Controversy of the Ignudi One look at any of Michelangelos work in the Sistine Chapel reveals quite a bit of nudity. This was shocking to a number of people, including a pontiff or two. Its said that Pope Adrian VI did not enjoy the nudes whatsoever. When his papacy began in 1522, just ten years after the completion of the frescoes, he wanted them removed because he found the nudity vulgar. This did not come to fruition because he died in 1523 before any destruction could be done. Pope Pius IV did not target the ignudi specifically, but he did confront the chapels nudity. He had naked figures in The Last Judgment covered with fig leaves and loincloths to protect their decency. That occurred in the 1560s and during renovations to the artwork in the 1980s and 90s, restorers uncovered the figures to Michelangelos original state.

Medieval Gift Ideas

Medieval Gift Ideas Guide note: This feature was originally posted in December of 1997, and was updated in December of 2010. If youre looking for that special gift for a medieval history buff or if you like medieval history and you want to share it with your friends perhaps this page can help. Below are a few gift ideas that can bring a little medieval charm to todays holiday season. Gift projects are reasonable in cost, and if you start soon you can have them finished by December 24th. Or, take a lesson from medieval times and give your gifts on Twelfth Night January 6th. The Artistic Touch Do you enjoy crafts-work? Are you good with a needle? Then perhaps youd like to make a gift for that special someone. Candles Candle-making was an ability that many medieval men and women were likely to know. If you know how to make candles or would like to try your hand at this rewarding craft, you may wish to stick to beeswax (instead of paraffin, which wasnt used until the 19th century, or tallow, which is difficult to work with) and make hand-dipped candles in order to keep the project medieval. Beeswax has a lovely fresh odor and does not require the addition of any scents, but it can be expensive. Whether you are new to candle-making or a practiced hand, please be sure to take all safety precautions. Clothing You may wish to create a medieval costume even if you dont belong to a reenactment group, it will look splendid at a masquerade or Renaissance fair. For a really authentic look, embroider the work using period embroidery techniques and period designs, or enhance it with hand-woven braids. If an entire costume isnt up your alley, you can use these techniques on something as simple as a cape or a scarf. Calligraphy If youre practiced in the art of calligraphy, try inscribing a medieval or Renaissance poem (or a verse from an epic) on parchment-style paper (real parchment can be very expensive). Shakespeare is always a hit, particularly his sonnets. Food, Glorious Food Thinking of a special holiday dinner? Try some medieval recipes. And forget that fruitcake go with a few medieval desserts instead. Gingerbread Cake is a period Christmas food, and Shortbreads are not only period but easy to present in a canister or, for a more authentic package, in a basket. If the recipient of your gift likes to cook as well, include the recipe hand calligraphed on parchment paper, rolled into a scroll and tied with a ribbon.   The Medieval Touch Whatever gift you choose to give, you can add a little medieval charm with a hand-calligraphed gift-tag (try parchment-look paper) or by wrapping the gift in fabric instead of paper (which was not really a disposable product in the middle ages). Decorate with fabric ribbons, dried flowers, berries, or pine cones. A personalized, hand-calligraphed bookmark with a holiday message is a great accompaniment to a book. Many of the customs we observe today began in the middle ages. For more about medieval Christmas, please see Medieval Christmas Traditions.

American football culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American football culture - Research Paper Example Additionally, its fame also emanates from the game’s inclusion in learning institutions like colleges and even states arranging for other professional events like â€Å"world champions† (Carroll, 2003). Mainly, American football’s unique way of sporting prompts numerous fans to gather, with the intention of witnessing what they usually refer as a military encounter. This is because of its â€Å"violence† besides domination by male gender though presently females have developed an interest in it, though they normally act as cheering squads. American football compared to other games like baseball it has a fascinating history and culture besides its â€Å"violent nature†, which presently has led to its immense popularity in America (Duncan, 2004). American football origin The game initially did not have well-structured rules meant to govern players as well as enable the players to play with those from other towns (Carroll, 2003). Therefore, each town p layed using their own rules, though they maintained two sides of dozen players. The mode of play entailed clearing the ball from one’s own goal towards that of the opponent, which required much physical contact, hence use of energy. Initially, players used to play barefooted, which earned the game the name of â€Å"Football† and spread rapidly after diverse states harmonized their varying rules. Early Cultural importance of the game Football game became one of the most thrilling and essential game in the American society after its harmonization of rules. Hence, giving rise to the socialization of people where fans supporting one team developed a certain bond of friendship and belonging (Carroll, 2003). This bridged wide gaps that were their before and yielded to a more closely-knit society especially among the football fans. However, racism was still evident especially among those people who did not have much to share with other races (Crothers, 2012). Besides, the foo tball competitions also acted as an opportunity for Commercial Corporations to advertise their products, for example, vehicle manufacturers and tourists’ firms. Mainly, this was via sponsoring diverse games’ activities thus contributing to the effective planning of the matches. Educational institutions also took this advantage to advertise the prowess especially during interschool or college competitions (Crothers, 2012). Modern entertainment industry This period characterized the â€Å"golden age† in 1920s. Contrary to other earlier periods, the responsible authorities made the game’s rules more advanced and refined, which ensured increased control during the matches (Carroll, 2003). Hence, there were fewer cases of casualties than those witnessed in earlier times. This led to the aspect of professionalism especially after 1920s where players were able to use their talents to earn or supplement their living (Duncan, 2004). This was not evident in earlier times where players specifically played out of pleasure with no intention of earning anything except to win trophies for their teams or institutions (Carroll, 2003). Consequently, professionalism yielded to the modern day entertainment due to the media focusing on broadcasting all competition events (Crothers, 2012). These ranged from educational institutions to interstates’ clubs or associations competitions. Modern football specialization started after 1920 when the four Midwestern regions convened at Canton with the intention of merging their rules